H. Who Can Investigate Police

Unions historically have been and currently are hostile to civilian review of police actions. As a result, LEOBORs typically mandate that only law enforcement can investigate law enforcement. Maryland requires investigators to be sworn law enforcement officers unless the governor directs the attorney general to step in. Cleveland's CBA seems to assume only police officers investigate police officers, but does not mandate it. Chicago's CBA specifically includes a civilian review authority, independent of the police department.