Waiver of Right to a Jury Trial.

A defendant may waive the right to a jury trial by (1) obtaining the court's approval and the government's consent; (2) waiving the right voluntarily; (3) expressing the waiver knowingly and intelligently; and (4) recording the waiver in writing. To ensure that a waiver is voluntary, knowing, and intelligent, the court should inform the defendant on the record of the nature of the right to a jury trial and the consequences of waiving the right. In any subsequent challenge, the defendant bears the burden of proving that the waiver was not valid.