• Distinguishing physical or cultural traits, e.g. skin color or language

• Unequal Treatment and Less Power over their lives

• Involuntary membership in the group (no personal choice)

• Awareness of subordination and strong sense of group solidarity

• High In-group Marriage

• Groups who are classified according to obvious physical characteristics, e.g. skin color

• US Racial Minority Groups: Blacks, American Indian, Asian Americans, Hawaiians

• Groups who are differentiated on the basis of culture such as language, food
• US Ethnic Minority Groups: Hispanics or Latinos such as Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Cuban; Jews are also consider cultural minorities instead of religious minorities.
• Racial groups can also so have distinctive cultural traditions
• Note: Ethnic minority can be either black or white or Asian American or Native American. So that a person can be both Black and Hispanic

• Males are a social majority; women demonstrate four out of five characteristics of minority status

• Groups who have a religion other than the dominant faith.
• US Religious minorities - Muslims, Amish, Mormons, Roman Catholics

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