Page 4 of 7
Descriptive Statistics - Total Whiteness
| Basic Descriptive Statistics |
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This analysis is based on the percent of the total student body that is white; that is Law School Whiteness. 179 schools were included in this analysis. Average Whiteness is 79.90 and half the law schools have Whiteness above 81.60. |
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The highest level of whiteness is The University of Montana with 95.6% Whiteness (percent of white students). |
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The lowest is the University of Hawaii with 29.2% Whiteness. However, because the University of Hawaii serves the population of its state which is non-white, it may be more properly excluded. |
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66 schools (36.9%) have Whiteness greater than or equal to 85% |
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4 schools (1.7%) have Whiteness less than or equal to 39.99% |
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Almost half of the schools (49.2%) have Whiteness between 70 to 84.9%. |
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| Region. |
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Midwest has the greatest percentage of schools (83.3%) with Whiteness over 85%; while the Great Lakes has the largest number of schools (13) with Whiteness over 85%. |
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Three Regions (Southeast, Midsouth, and Far West) each has 1 school with Whiteness less than 55%. |
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The difference in distribution in schools and whiteness by region is statistically significant (p=.01). That is there is less than a 1% probability that the distribution occurred by chance. |
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Tier
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The 3rd Tier has the greatest percentage (66.7%) and the most number (24) of schools with Whiteness over 85%. |
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Of the three schools that have Whiteness below 55%, 1 is a 2nd tier school; 1 is a 4th Tier School and 1 has No US News Ranking because it didn't report the information |
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The 1st tier has the fewest school (7/14%) with Whiteness greater than or equal to 85%. |
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The difference in distribution in schools and whiteness by tier was statistically significant (p=.000). That is there was less than .000 probability that the distribution occurred by chance.
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One reason, the distribution may occur as it does is that as law schools attempt to move from fourth tier into 3rd tier, they attempt to get more selective and increase median LSAT. Both these moves would effect admission of non-white applicants. |
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| Private/Public Status |
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Public law schools have the greatest percentage (51.5%) and largest number (34) of schools with Whiteness greater than or equal to 85%. |
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Of the three schools that has Whiteness below 55%, 1 is a private and 2 are public. |
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The difference in distribution in schools and whiteness by tier is significant (p=.074). That is there is less than a 7.4% probability that the distribution occurred by chance. |
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| Descriptive Statistics for Historically White Law Schools |
|
N
|
179
|
|
Mean
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79.903
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Median
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81.600
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Minimum
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29.2
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Maximum
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95.6
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| Percent of Whiteness in Historically White Law Schools |
| |
Number |
Percent |
| 0.01 to 39.99% |
2 |
1.1 |
| 40 to 54.99% |
1 |
0.6 |
| 55.0 to 69.9% |
22 |
12.3 |
| 70 to 84.99% |
88 |
49.2 |
| >=85.00% |
66 |
36.9 |
|
| |
| Percent of Law School Whiteness by Tier |
|
Tier
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Mean
|
Median
|
|
1st Tier (USNews)
|
57.3
|
91.1
|
76.550
|
76.050
|
|
2nd Tier (USNews)
|
29.2
|
93.0
|
79.984
|
81.700
|
|
3rd Tier (USNews)
|
62.7
|
95.6
|
86.178
|
88.050
|
|
4th Tier (USNews)
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52.2
|
92.9
|
79.554
|
81.800
|
|
No US News Ranking
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38.5
|
89.1
|
71.683
|
79.000
|
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Total
|
29.2
|
95.6
|
79.903
|
81.600
|
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Sum of Squares
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df
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Mean Square
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F
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Sig.
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ANOVA(Combined)
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2389.763
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4
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597.441
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6.251
|
.000
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| Percent of Whiteness in Historically White Law School By Tier Percent = row Example: of 1st Tier Schools 9 or 18% was between 55 to 69% white and 7 were over 85% white |
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0.01 to 39.99 % White
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40.0 to 54.99 % White
|
55.0 to 69.99% White
|
70 to 84.99% white
|
>=85.00
|
|
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1st Tier (USNews)
|
|
|
9
|
34
|
7
|
50
|
|
|
|
18.0%
|
68.0%
|
14.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
2nd Tier (USNews)
|
1
|
|
6
|
25
|
18
|
50
|
|
2.0%
|
|
12.0%
|
50.0%
|
36.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
3rd Tier (USNews)
|
|
|
1
|
11
|
24
|
36
|
|
|
|
2.8%
|
30.6%
|
66.7%
|
100.0%
|
|
4th Tier (USNews)
|
|
1
|
5
|
16
|
15
|
37
|
|
|
2.7%
|
13.5%
|
43.2%
|
40.5%
|
100.0%
|
|
No US News Ranking
|
1
|
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
6
|
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16.7%
|
|
16.7%
|
33.3%
|
33.3%
|
100.0%
|
|
Total
|
2
|
1
|
22
|
88
|
66
|
179
|
|
1.1%
|
.6%
|
12.3%
|
49.2%
|
36.9%
|
100.0%
|
|
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| Percent of Whiteness in Historically White Law School By Tier Percent = column Example: of schools with greater than or equal to 85% whiteness 7 or 10.6% are in the 1st Tier and 24 or 36.4 are in the 3rd Tier |
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0.01 to 39.99 % White
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40.0 to 54.99 % White
|
55.0 to 69.99% White
|
70 to 84.99% white
|
>=85.00
|
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1st Tier (USNews)
|
|
|
9
|
34
|
7
|
50
|
|
|
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40.9%
|
38.6%
|
10.6%
|
27.9%
|
|
2nd Tier (USNews)
|
1
|
|
6
|
25
|
18
|
50
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50.0%
|
|
27.3%
|
28.4%
|
27.3%
|
27.9%
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3rd Tier (USNews)
|
|
|
1
|
11
|
24
|
36
|
|
|
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4.5%
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12.5%
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36.4%
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20.1%
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4th Tier (USNews)
|
|
1
|
5
|
16
|
15
|
37
|
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100.0%
|
22.7%
|
18.2%
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22.7%
|
20.7%
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|
No US News Ranking
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1
|
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
6
|
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50.0%
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4.5%
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2.3%
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3.0%
|
3.4%
|
| |
2
|
1
|
22
|
88
|
66
|
179
|
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
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Value
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df
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Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
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Pearson Chi-Square
|
45.311
|
16
|
.000
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| 15 cells (60.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .03. |
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Status
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Mean
|
Median
|
|
Private
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52.2
|
94.7
|
78.731
|
79.400
|
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Public
|
29.2
|
95.6
|
81.566
|
83.550
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Total
|
29.2
|
95.6
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79.903
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81.600
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| Percent of Whiteness in Historically White Law School By Region Percent = row Example: of schools in the Northeast 4 or 16.7% or over 85% white and 17 or 70.8% or between 40 to 84.9% white |
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0.01 to 39.99 % White
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40.0 to 54.99 % White
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55.0 to 69.99% White
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70 to 84.99% white
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>=85.00
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Northeast
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3
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17
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4
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24
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12.5%
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70.8%
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16.7%
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100.0%
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New England
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1
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6
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7
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14
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7.1%
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42.9%
|
50.0%
|
100.0%
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Southcentral
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|
|
1
|
9
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6
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16
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6.3%
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56.3%
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37.5%
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100.0%
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Southeast
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|
1
|
2
|
8
|
6
|
17
|
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5.9%
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11.8%
|
47.1%
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35.3%
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100.0%
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|
Midsouth
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1
|
|
1
|
12
|
12
|
26
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3.8%
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3.8%
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46.2%
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46.2%
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100.0%
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Midwest
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|
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2
|
10
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12
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|
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16.7%
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83.3%
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100.0%
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Great Lakes
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|
2
|
18
|
13
|
33
|
|
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6.1%
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54.5%
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39.4%
|
100.0%
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Mountain West
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|
|
2
|
3
|
5
|
10
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20.0%
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30.0%
|
50.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
Northwest
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|
|
|
3
|
3
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6
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|
|
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50.0%
|
50.0%
|
100.0%
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|
Far West
|
1
|
|
10
|
10
|
|
21
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4.8%
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|
47.6%
|
47.6%
|
|
100.0%
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
22
|
88
|
66
|
179
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1.1%
|
.6%
|
12.3%
|
49.2%
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36.9%
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100.0%
|
|
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| Percent of Whiteness in Historically White Law School By Region Percent = column Example: of schools with greater than or equal to 85% whiteness 4 or 6.1% are in the Northeast and 13 or 19.7 are in the Great Lakes region |
| |
0.01 to 39.99 % White |
40.0 to 54.99 % White |
55.0 to 69.99% White |
70 to 84.99% white |
>=85.00 |
Total |
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Northeast
|
|
|
3
|
17
|
4
|
24
|
|
|
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13.6%
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19.3%
|
6.1%
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13.4%
|
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New England
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|
|
1
|
6
|
7
|
14
|
|
|
|
4.5%
|
6.8%
|
10.6%
|
7.8%
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Southcentral
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|
|
1
|
9
|
6
|
16
|
|
|
|
4.5%
|
10.2%
|
9.1%
|
8.9%
|
|
Southeast
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|
1
|
2
|
8
|
6
|
17
|
|
|
100.0%
|
9.1%
|
9.1%
|
9.1%
|
9.5%
|
|
Midsouth
|
1
|
|
1
|
12
|
12
|
26
|
|
50.0%
|
|
4.5%
|
13.6%
|
18.2%
|
14.5%
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|
Midwest
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|
|
|
2
|
10
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
2.3%
|
15.2%
|
6.7%
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|
Great Lakes
|
|
|
2
|
18
|
13
|
33
|
|
|
|
9.1%
|
20.5%
|
19.7%
|
18.4%
|
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Mountain West
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|
|
2
|
3
|
5
|
10
|
|
|
|
9.1%
|
3.4%
|
7.6%
|
5.6%
|
|
Northwest
|
|
|
|
3
|
3
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
3.4%
|
4.5%
|
3.4%
|
|
Far West
|
1
|
|
10
|
10
|
|
21
|
|
50.0%
|
|
45.5%
|
11.4%
|
|
11.7%
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
22
|
88
|
66
|
179
|
|
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
Value
|
df
|
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
|
|
Pearson Chi-Square
|
68.256
|
36
|
.001
|
|
N of Valid Cases
|
179
|
|
|
| a 35 cells (70.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .03. |
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| |
| Percent of Whiteness in Historically White Law School By Private/Public Status Percent = row Example: of Private Law Schools 32 or 30.5% are over 85% white and 1 or 1.% was between 40 to 54.9% white |
| |
0.01 to 39.99 % White |
40.0 to 54.99 % White |
55.0 to 69.99% White |
70 to 84.99% white |
>=85.00 |
|
|
Private
|
|
1
|
15
|
57
|
32
|
105
|
|
|
1.0%
|
14.3%
|
54.3%
|
30.5%
|
100.0%
|
|
Public
|
2
|
|
7
|
31
|
34
|
74
|
|
2.7%
|
|
9.5%
|
41.9%
|
45.9%
|
100.0%
|
|
|
2
|
1
|
22
|
88
|
66
|
179
|
|
1.1%
|
.6%
|
12.3%
|
49.2%
|
36.9%
|
100.0%
|
|
| |
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Percent of Whiteness in Historically White Law School By Private/Public Status Percent = column Example: of schools with greater than or equal to 85% whiteness 32 or 48.5% are private schools and 34 or 51.5% are public schools.
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|
|
0.01 to 39.99 % White
|
40.0 to 54.99 % White
|
55.0 to 69.99% White
|
70 to 84.99% white
|
>=85.00
|
|
|
Private:
|
|
1
|
15
|
57
|
32
|
105
|
|
|
100.0%
|
68.2%
|
64.8%
|
48.5%
|
58.7%
|
|
Public:
|
2
|
|
7
|
31
|
34
|
74
|
|
100.0%
|
|
31.8%
|
35.2%
|
51.5%
|
41.3%
|
|
Total:
|
2
|
1
|
22
|
88
|
66
|
179
|
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
Value
|
df
|
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
|
|
Pearson Chi-Square
|
8.539
|
4
|
.074
|
|
N of Valid Cases
|
179
|
|
|
| a 4 cells (40.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .41. |
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